The Ten Commandments
AS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY SHOULD TEACH
THEM IN A SIMPLE WAY TO HIS HOUSEHOLD
The First Commandment
You shall have no other gods.
That does this mean? We should fear, love, and trust in God above all things.
The Second Commandment
You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not curse, swear, use
satanic arts, lie, or deceive by His name, but call upon it in every trouble, pray, praise, and
give thanks.
The Third Commandment
You shall sanctify the holy day. [Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.]
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not despise preaching
and His Word, but hold it sacred and gladly hear and learn it.
The Fourth Commandment
Honour your father and your mother.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not despise or anger our
parents and other authorities, but honour them, serve and obey them, love and cherish them.
The Fifth Commandment
You shall not murder.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not hurt or harm our
neighbour in his body, but help and support him in every physical need.
The Sixth Commandment
You shall not commit adultery.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we lead a sexually pure and
decent life in what we say and do, and husband and wife love and honour each other.
The Seventh Commandment
You shall not steal.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not take our
neighbour’s money or possessions, or get them in any dishonest way, but help him to improve
and protect his possessions and income.
The Eighth Commandment
You shall not give false testimony against your neighbour.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not tell lies about our
neighbour, betray him, slander him, or hurt his reputation, but defend him, speak well of him,
and explain everything in the kindest way.
The Ninth Commandment
You shall not covet your neighbour’s house.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not scheme to get our
neighbour’s inheritance or house, or get it in a way which only appears right, but help and be
of service to him in keeping it.
The Tenth Commandment
You shall not covet your neighbour’s wife, or his manservant or maidservant, his ox
or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbour.
What does this mean? We should fear and love God so that we do not entice or force away
our neighbour’s wife, workers, or animals, or turn them against him, but urge them to stay and
do their duty.
[The text of the commandments is from Ex. 20:3, 7, 8, 12–17.]
The Close of the Commandments
What does God say about all these commandments? He says: “I, the Lord your God, am a
jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation
of those who hate Me, but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love Me and
keep My commandments.” [Ex. 20:5–6]
What does this mean? God threatens to punish all who break these commandments.
Therefore, we should fear His wrath and not do anything against them. But He promises grace
and every blessing to all who keep these commandments. Therefore, we should also love and
trust in Him and gladly do what He commands.
The Creed
AS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY SHOULD TEACH IT
IN A SIMPLE WAY TO HIS HOUSEHOLD
The First Article
CREATION
I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth.
What does this mean? I believe that God has made me and all creatures; that He has given
me my body and soul, eyes, ears, and all my members, my reason and all my senses, and still
takes care of them. He also gives me clothing and shoes, food and drink, house and home, wife and children, land, animals, and all I have. He richly and daily provides me with all that I need to support this body and life. He defends me against all danger and guards and protects me from all evil. All this He does only out of fatherly, divine goodness and mercy, without any merit or
worthiness in me. For all this it is my duty to thank and praise, serve and obey Him.
This is most certainly true.
The Second Article
REDEMPTION
And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was
buried. He descended into hell. The third day He rose again from the dead. He ascended
into heaven and sits at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty. From thence He will
come to judge the living and the dead.
What does this mean? I believe that Jesus Christ, true God, begotten of the Father from
eternity, and also true man, born of the Virgin Mary, is my Lord,
who has redeemed me, a lost and condemned person, purchased and won me from all sins,
from death, and from the power of the devil; not with gold or silver, but with His holy,
precious blood and with His innocent suffering and death, that I may be His own and live under Him in His kingdom and serve Him in everlasting righteousness, innocence, and blessedness,
just as He is risen from the dead, lives and reigns to all eternity. This is most certainly true.
The Third Article
SANCTIFICATION
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian church, the communion of saints, the
forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.
What does this mean? I believe that I cannot by my own reason or strength believe in
Jesus Christ, my Lord, or come to Him; but the Holy Spirit has called me by the Gospel,
enlightened me with His gifts, sanctified and kept me in the true faith.
In the same way He calls, gathers, enlightens, and sanctifies the whole Christian church on
earth, and keeps it with Jesus Christ in the one true faith.
In this Christian church He daily and richly forgives all my sins and the sins of all
believers. On the Last Day He will raise me and all the dead, and give eternal life to me and all
believers in Christ. This is most certainly true.
The Lord’s Prayer
AS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY SHOULD TEACH IT
IN A SIMPLE WAY TO HIS HOUSEHOLD
Our Father who art in heaven,
hallowed be Thy name,
Thy kingdom come,
Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread;
and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us;
and lead us not into temptation;
but deliver us from evil.
For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever and ever. Amen.
The Introduction
Our Father who art in heaven.
What does this mean? With these words God tenderly invites us to believe that He is our
true Father and that we are His true children, so that with all boldness and confidence we may
ask Him as dear children ask their dear father.
The First Petition
Hallowed be Thy name.
What does this mean? God’s name is certainly holy in itself, but we pray in this petition
that it may be kept holy among us also.
How is God’s name kept holy? God’s name is kept holy when the Word of God is taught
in its truth and purity, and we, as the children of God, also lead holy lives according to it.
Help us to do this, dear Father in heaven! But anyone who teaches or lives contrary to God’s
Word profanes the name of God among us. Protect us from this, heavenly Father!
The Second Petition
Thy kingdom come.
What does this mean? The kingdom of God certainly comes by itself without our prayer,
but we pray in this petition that it may come to us also.
How does God’s kingdom come? God’s kingdom comes when our heavenly Father gives
us His Holy Spirit, so that by His grace we believe His holy Word and lead godly lives here in
time and there in eternity.
The Third Petition
Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
What does this mean? The good and gracious will of God is done even without our prayer,
but we pray in this petition that it may be done among us also.
How is God’s will done? God’s will is done when He breaks and hinders every evil plan
and purpose of the devil, the world, and our sinful nature, which do not want us to hallow
God’s name or let His kingdom come; and when He strengthens and keeps us firm in His
Word and faith until we die. This is His good and gracious will.
The Fourth Petition
Give us this day our daily bread.
What does this mean? God certainly gives daily bread to everyone without our prayers,
even to all evil people, but we pray in this petition that God would lead us to realise this and
to receive our daily bread with thanksgiving.
What is meant by daily bread? Daily bread includes everything that has to do with the
support and needs of the body, such as food, drink, clothing, shoes, house, home, land,
animals, money, goods, a devout husband or wife, devout children, devout workers, devout
and faithful rulers, good government, good weather, peace, health, self-control, good
reputation, good friends, faithful neighbours, and the like.
The Fifth Petition
And forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.
What does this mean? We pray in this petition that our Father in heaven would not look at
our sins, or deny our prayer because of them. We are neither worthy of the things for which
we pray, nor have we deserved them, but we ask that He would give them all to us by grace,
for we daily sin much and surely deserve nothing but punishment. So we too will sincerely
forgive and gladly do good to those who sin against us.
The Sixth Petition
And lead us not into temptation.
What does this mean? God tempts no one. We pray in this petition that God would guard
and keep us so that the devil, the world, and our sinful nature may not deceive us or mislead
us into false belief, despair, and other great shame and vice. Although we are attacked by
these things, we pray that we may finally overcome them and win the victory.
The Seventh Petition
But deliver us from evil.
What does this mean? We pray in this petition, in summary, that our Father in heaven
would rescue us from every evil of body and soul, possessions and reputation, and finally,
when our last hour comes, give us a blessed end, and graciously take us from this valley of
sorrow to Himself in heaven.
The Conclusion
For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever and ever.* Amen.
What does this mean? This means that I should be certain that these petitions are pleasing
to our Father in heaven, and are heard by Him; for He Himself has commanded us to pray in
this way and has promised to hear us. Amen, amen means “yes, yes, it shall be so.”
The Sacrament of Holy Baptism
AS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY SHOULD TEACH IT
IN A SIMPLE WAY TO HIS HOUSEHOLD
FIRST
What is Baptism?
Baptism is not just plain water, but it is the water included in God’s command and
combined with God’s word.
Which is that word of God?
Christ our Lord says in the last chapter of Matthew: “Therefore go and make disciples of
all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”
[Matt. 28:19]
SECOND
What benefits does Baptism give?
It works forgiveness of sins, rescues from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation
to all who believe this, as the words and promises of God declare.
Which are these words and promises of God?
Christ our Lord says in the last chapter of Mark: “Whoever believes and is baptised will
be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned.” [Mark 16:16]
THIRD
How can water do such great things?
Certainly not just water, but the word of God in and with the water does these things,
along with the faith which trusts this word of God in the water. For without God’s word the
water is plain water and no Baptism. But with the word of God it is a Baptism, that is, a lifegiving
water, rich in grace, and a washing of the new birth in the Holy Spirit, as St Paul says
in Titus, chapter three:
“He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit, whom He
poured out on us generously through Jesus Christ our Saviour, so that, having been justified
by His grace, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life. This is a trustworthy
saying.” [Titus 3:5–8]
FOURTH
What does such baptising with water indicate?
It indicates that the Old Adam in us should by daily contrition and repentance be drowned
and die with all sins and evil desires, and that a new man should daily emerge and arise to live
before God in righteousness and purity forever.
Where is this written?
St Paul writes in Romans chapter six: “We were therefore buried with Him through
baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of
the Father, we too may live a new life.” [Rom. 6:4]
Confession
HOW CHRISTIANS SHOULD BE TAUGHT TO CONFESS
What is Confession?
Confession has two parts.
First, that we confess our sins, and
second, that we receive absolution, that is, forgiveness, from the pastor as from God
Himself, not doubting, but firmly believing that by it our sins are forgiven before God in
heaven.
What sins should we confess?
Before God we should plead guilty of all sins, even those we are not aware of, as we do in
the Lord’s Prayer; but before the pastor we should confess only those sins which we know
and feel in our hearts.
Which are these?
Consider your place in life according to the Ten Commandments: Are you a father,
mother, son, daughter, husband, wife, or worker? Have you been disobedient, unfaithful, or
lazy? Have you been hot-tempered, rude, or quarrelsome? Have you hurt someone by your
words or deeds? Have you stolen, been negligent, wasted anything, or done any harm?
A SHORT FORM OF CONFESSION
[Luther intended the following form to serve only as an example of private confession for
Christians of his time. For a contemporary form of individual confession, see Lutheran
Worship, pp. 310–11.]
The penitent says:
Dear confessor, I ask you please to hear my confession and to pronounce forgiveness in
order to fulfil God’s will.
I, a poor sinner, plead guilty before God of all sins. In particular I confess before you that
as a servant, maid, etc., I, sad to say, serve my master unfaithfully, for in this and that I have
not done what I was told to do. I have made him angry and caused him to curse. I have been
negligent and allowed damage to be done. I have also been offensive in words and deeds. I
have quarrelled with my peers. I have grumbled about the lady of the house and cursed her. I
am sorry for all of this and I ask for grace. I want to do better.
A master or lady of the house may say:
In particular I confess before you that I have not faithfully guided my children, servants,
and wife to the glory of God. I have cursed. I have set a bad example by indecent words and
deeds. I have hurt my neighbour and spoken evil of him. I have overcharged, sold inferior
merchandise, and given less than was paid for.
[Let the penitent confess whatever else he has done against God’s commandments and his
own position.]
If, however, someone does not find himself burdened with these or greater sins, he should
not trouble himself or search for or invent other sins, and thereby make confession a torture.
Instead, he should mention one or two that he knows: In particular I confess that I have
cursed; I have used improper words; I have neglected this or that, etc. Let that be enough.
But if you know of none at all (which hardly seems possible), then mention none in
particular, but receive the forgiveness upon the general confession which you make to God
before the confessor.
Then the confessor shall say:
God be merciful to you and strengthen your faith. Amen.
Furthermore:
Do you believe that my forgiveness is God’s forgiveness?
Yes, dear confessor.
Then let him, say:
Let it be done for you as you believe. And I, by the command of our Lord Jesus Christ,
forgive you your sins in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Go in peace.
A confessor will know additional passages with which to comfort and to strengthen the
faith of those who have great burdens of conscience or are sorrowful and distressed.
This is intended only as a general form of confession.
What is the Office of the Keys?*
The Office of the Keys is that special authority which Christ has given to His church on
earth to forgive the sins of repentant sinners, but to withhold forgiveness from the unrepentant
as long as they do not repent.
Where is this written?*
This is what St John the Evangelist writes in chapter twenty: The Lord Jesus breathed on
His disciples and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive anyone his sins, they are
forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven.” [John 20:22–23]
What do you believe according to these words?*
I believe that when the called ministers of Christ deal with us by His divine command, in
particular when they exclude openly unrepentant sinners from the Christian congregation and
absolve those who repent of their sins and want to do better, this is just as valid and certain,
even in heaven, as if Christ our dear Lord dealt with us Himself.
*This question may not have been composed by Luther himself but reflects his teaching and was included in editions of the catechism during his lifetime.
The Sacrament of the Altar
AS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY SHOULD TEACH IT
IN A SIMPLE WAY TO HIS HOUSEHOLD
What is the Sacrament of the Altar?
It is the true body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ under the bread and wine, instituted
by Christ Himself for us Christians to eat and to drink.
Where is this written?
The holy Evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and St Paul write:
Our Lord Jesus Christ, on the night when He was betrayed, took bread, and when He had
given thanks, He broke it and gave it to the disciples and said: “Take, eat; this is My body,
which is given for you. This do in remembrance of Me.”
In the same way also He took the cup after supper, and when He had given thanks, He
gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you; this cup is the new testament in My blood,
which is shed for you for the forgiveness of sins. This do, as often as you drink it, in
remembrance of Me.”
What is the benefit of this eating and drinking?
These words, “Given and shed for you for the forgiveness of sins,” show us that in the
Sacrament forgiveness of sins, life, and salvation are given us through these words. For where
there is forgiveness of sins, there is also life and salvation.
How can bodily eating and drinking do such great things?
Certainly not just eating and drinking do these things, but the words written here: “Given
and shed for you for the forgiveness of sins.” These words, along with the bodily eating and
drinking, are the main thing in the Sacrament. Whoever believes these words has exactly what
they say: “forgiveness of sins.”
Who receives this sacrament worthily?
Fasting and bodily preparation are certainly fine outward training. But that person is truly
worthy and well prepared who has faith in these words: “Given and shed for you for the
forgiveness of sins.”
But anyone who does not believe these words or doubts them is unworthy and unprepared,
for the words “for you” require all hearts to believe.
SECTION 2
Daily Prayers
HOW THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY SHOULD TEACH
HIS HOUSEHOLD TO PRAY MORNING AND EVENING
Morning Prayer
In the morning when you get up, make the sign of the holy cross and say:
In the name of the Father and of the X Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Then, kneeling or standing, repeat the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer. If you choose, you
may also say this little prayer:
I thank You, my heavenly Father, through Jesus Christ, Your dear Son, that You
have kept me this night from all harm and danger; and I pray that You would keep me
this day also from sin and every evil, that all my doings and life may please You. For
into Your hands I commend myself, my body and soul, and all things. Let Your holy
angel be with me, that the evil foe may have no power over me. Amen.
Then go joyfully to your work, singing a hymn, like that of the Ten Commandments, or
whatever your devotion may suggest.
Evening Prayer
In the evening when you go to bed, make the sign of the holy cross and say:
In the name of the Father and of the X Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Then kneeling or standing, repeat the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer. If you choose, you
may also say this little prayer:
I thank You, my heavenly Father, through Jesus Christ, Your dear Son, that You
have graciously kept me this day; and I pray that You would forgive me all my sins
where I have done wrong, and graciously keep me this night. For into Your hands I
commend myself, my body and soul, and all things. Let Your holy angel be with me,
that the evil foe may have no power over me. Amen.
Then go to sleep at once and in good cheer.
HOW THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY SHOULD TEACH
HIS HOUSEHOLD TO ASK A BLESSING AND RETURN THANKS
Asking a Blessing
The children and members of the household shall go to the table reverently, fold their
hands, and say:
The eyes of all look to You, [O Lord,] and You give them their food at the proper
time. You open Your hand and satisfy the desires of every living thing. [Ps. 145:15–
16]
Then shall be said the Lord’s Prayer and the following:
Lord God, heavenly Father, bless us and these Your gifts which we receive from
Your bountiful goodness, through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Returning Thanks
Also, after eating, they shall, in like manner, reverently and with folded hands say:
Give thanks to the Lord, for He is good. His love endures forever. [He] gives food
to every creature. He provides food for the cattle and for the young ravens when they
call. His pleasure is not in the strength of the horse, nor His delight in the legs of a
man; the Lord delights in those who fear Him, who put their hope in His unfailing
love. [Ps. 136:1, 25; 147:9–11]
Then shall be said the Lord’s Prayer and the following:
We thank You, Lord God, heavenly Father, for all Your benefits, through Jesus Christ, our
Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit forever and ever. Amen.
SECTION 3
Table of Duties
CERTAIN PASSAGES OF SCRIPTURE FOR VARIOUS HOLY ORDERS AND POSITIONS,
ADMONISHING THEM ABOUT THEIR DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
To Bishops, Pastors, and Preachers
The overseer must be above reproach, the husband of but one wife, temperate, selfcontrolled,
respectable, hospitable, able to teach, not given to drunkenness, not violent but
gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money. He must manage his own family well and see
that his children obey him with proper respect. 1 Tim. 3:2–4
He must not be a recent convert, or he may become conceited and fall under the same
judgment as the devil. 1 Tim. 3:6
He must hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can
encourage others by sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it. Titus 1:9
What the Hearers Owe Their Pastors
The Lord has commanded that those who preach the gospel should receive their living
from the gospel. 1 Cor. 9:14
Anyone who receives instruction in the word must share all good things with his
instructor. Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. Gal. 6:6–
7
The elders who direct the affairs of the church well are worthy of double honour,
especially those whose work is preaching and teaching. For the Scripture says, “Do not
muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain,” and “The worker deserves his wages.” 1
Tim. 5:17–18
We ask you, brothers, to respect those who work hard among you, who are over you in the
Lord and who admonish you. Hold them in the highest regard in love because of their work.
Live in peace with each other. 1 Thess. 5:12–13
Obey your leaders and submit to their authority. They keep watch over you as men who
must give an account. Obey them so that their work will be a joy, not a burden, for that would
be of no advantage to you. Heb. 13:17
Martin Luther, The Small Catechism 13
Of Civil Government
Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority
except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by
God. Consequently, he who rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has
instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers hold no terror
for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the
one in authority? Then do what is right and he will commend you. For he is God’s servant to
do you good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword for nothing. He is
God’s servant, an agent of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer. Rom. 13:1–4
Of Citizens
Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s. Matt. 22:21
It is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but
also because of conscience. This is also why you pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s
servants, who give their full time to governing. Give everyone what you owe him: If you owe
taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honour, then honour.
Rom. 13:5–7
I urge, then, first of all, that requests, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for
everyone–for kings and all those in authority, that we may live peaceful and quiet lives in all
godliness and holiness. This is good, and pleases God our Savoir. 1 Tim. 2:1–3
Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do
whatever is good. Titus 3:1
Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every authority instituted among men: whether
to the king, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those
who do wrong and to commend those who do right. 1 Peter 2:13–14
To Husbands
Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them
with respect as the weaker partner and as heirs with you of the gracious gift of life, so that
nothing will hinder your prayers. 1 Peter 3:7
Husbands, love your wives and do not be harsh with them. Col. 3:19
To Wives
Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. Eph. 5:22
They were submissive to their own husbands, like Sarah, who obeyed Abraham and called
him her master. You are her daughters if you do what is right and do not give way to fear. 1
Peter 3:5–6
To Parents
Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and
instruction of the Lord. Eph. 6:4
To Children
Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. “Honour your father and
mother”—which is the first commandment with a promise—“that it may go well with you and
that you may enjoy long life on the earth.” Eph. 6:1–3
To Workers of All Kinds
Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as
you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favour when their eye is on you, but
like slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if you
were serving the Lord, not men, because you know that the Lord will reward everyone for
whatever good he does, whether he is slave or free. Eph. 6:5–8
To Employers and Supervisors
Masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them, since you know that he
who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favouritism with Him. Eph.
6:9
To Youth
Young men, in the same way be submissive to those who are older. All of you, clothe
yourselves with humility toward one another, because, “God opposes the proud but gives
grace to the humble.” Humble yourselves, therefore, under God’s mighty hand, that He may
lift you up in due time. 1 Peter 5:5–6
To Widows
The widow who is really in need and left all alone puts her hope in God and continues
night and day to pray and to ask God for help. But the widow who lives for pleasure is dead
even while she lives. 1 Tim. 5:5–6
To Everyone
The commandments … are summed up in this one rule: “Love your neighbour as
yourself.” Rom. 13:9
I urge … that requests, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for everyone. 1
Tim. 2:1
Let each his lesson learn with care,
and all the household well shall fare.
Martin Luther, The Small Catechism 15
SECTION 4
Christian Questions with Their Answers*
PREPARED BY DR. MARTIN LUTHER FOR THOSE
WHO INTEND TO GO TO THE SACRAMENT
After confession and instruction in the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, and the
Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper, the pastor may ask, or Christians may ask themselves
these questions:
1. Do you believe that you are a sinner?
Yes, I believe it. I am a sinner.
2. How do you know this?
From the Ten Commandments, which I have not kept.
3. Are you sorry for your sins?
Yes, I am sorry that I have sinned against God.
4. What have you deserved from God because of your sins?
His wrath and displeasure, temporal death, and eternal damnation. See Rom. 6:21, 23.
5. Do you hope to be saved?
Yes, that is my hope.
6. In whom then do you trust?
In my dear Lord Jesus Christ.
7. Who is Christ?
The Son of God, true God and man.
8. How many Gods are there?
Only one, but there are three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
9. What has Christ done for you that you trust in Him?
He died for me and shed His blood for me on the cross for the forgiveness of sins.
10. Did the Father also die for you?
He did not. The Father is God only, as is the Holy Spirit; but the Son is both true God
and true man. He died for me and shed His blood for me.
11. How do you know this?
From the holy Gospel, from the words instituting the Sacrament, and by His body and
blood given me as a pledge in the Sacrament.
12. What are the words of institution?
Our Lord Jesus Christ, on the night when He was betrayed, took bread, and when He
had given thanks, He broke it and gave it to the disciples and said: “Take eat; this is
My body, which is given for you. This do in remembrance of Me.”
In the same way also He took the cup after supper, and when He had given thanks, He
gave it to them, saying: “Drink of it, all of you; this cup is the new testament in My
blood, which is shed for you for the forgiveness of sins. This do, as often as you drink
it, in remembrance of Me.”
13. Do you believe, then, that the true body and blood of Christ are in the Sacrament?
Yes, I believe it.
14. What convinces you to believe this?
The word of Christ: Take, eat, this is My body; drink of it, all of you, this is My blood.
16 Martin Luther, The Small Catechism
15. What should we do when we eat His body and drink His blood, and in this way receive
His pledge?
We should remember and proclaim His death and the shedding of His blood, as He
taught us: This do, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.
16. Why should we remember and proclaim His death?
First, so we may learn to believe that no creature could make satisfaction for our sins.
Only Christ, true God and man, could do that. Second, so we may learn to be horrified
by our sins, and to regard them as very serious. Third, so we may find joy and comfort
in Christ alone, and through faith in Him be saved.
17. What motivated Christ to die and make full payment for your sins?
His great love for His Father and for me and other sinners, as it is written in John 14;
Romans 5; Galatians 2 and Ephesians 5.
18. Finally, why do you wish to go to the Sacrament?
That I may learn to believe that Christ, out of great love, died for my sin, and also
learn from Him to love God and my neighbour.
19. What should admonish and encourage a Christian to receive the Sacrament
frequently?
First, both the command and the promise of Christ the Lord. Second, his own pressing
need, because of which the command, encouragement, and promise are given.
20. But what should you do if you are not aware of this need and have no hunger and
thirst for the Sacrament?
To such a person no better advice can be given than this: first, he should touch his
body to see if he still has flesh and blood. Then he should believe what the Scriptures
say of it in Galatians 5 and Romans 7.
Second, he should look around to see whether he is still in the world, and remember
that there will be no lack of sin and trouble, as the Scriptures say in John 15–16 and in
1 John 2 and 5.
Third, he will certainly have the devil also around him, who with his lying and
murdering day and night will let him have no peace, within or without, as the
Scriptures picture him in John 8 and 16; 1 Peter 5; Ephesians 6; and 2 Timothy 2.
NOTE
These questions and answers are no child’s play, but are drawn up with great earnestness of
purpose by the venerable and devout Dr. Luther for both young and old. Let each one pay attention
and consider it a serious matter; for St Paul writes to the Galatians in chapter six: “Do not be deceived:
God cannot be mocked.”
* The “Christian Questions with Their Answers,” designating Luther as the author, first appeared in an edition of
the Small Catechism in 1551.
